Pregnancy is often an exciting and joyful time, but it can also bring concerns, especially when health issues arise. But what is a high-risk pregnancy? If you’ve been told that you have a high-risk pregnancy, it’s essential to understand what this means and how it will impact your experience.
So, what is a high-risk pregnancy?
Simply put, it’s a pregnancy in which there are potential health complications that could affect the mother, the baby or both. Being classified as “high-risk” means that your health care provider will monitor you more closely throughout your pregnancy to manage any potential complications and ensure the best possible outcome.
What are the risk factors for a high-risk pregnancy?
Several factors can make a pregnancy high-risk. Some of these factors are pre-existing health conditions, while others may develop during pregnancy. Understanding these risk factors is crucial for knowing what to expect and how your care might differ from a typical pregnancy.
Below are some common risk factors:
- Maternal age: Women who are under 17 or over 35 may be at a higher risk for pregnancy complications. Older mothers may have an increased risk of genetic conditions or birth defects, while younger mothers may face a higher risk of premature birth.
- Health conditions: Pre-existing medical conditions such as high blood pressure, gestational diabetes and other health problems, like heart disease or kidney issues, can elevate the risks associated with pregnancy. These conditions can cause complications like preeclampsia or affect how the placenta functions.
- Multiple pregnancies: Carrying twins or triplets increases the chances of pregnancy complications. Plus, women carrying multiples are more likely to experience premature birth, gestational diabetes or high blood pressure.
- Genetic conditions: A family history or personal diagnosis of genetic conditions can also classify a pregnancy as high-risk. Conditions like Down syndrome or cystic fibrosis may require special monitoring and prenatal care.
- Previous pregnancy complications: If you’ve had complications during a previous pregnancy, such as preterm birth, preeclampsia or a birth defect, it could increase the risk for your current pregnancy.
- Uncontrolled health problems: Gestational diabetes, high blood pressure or other health conditions that develop during pregnancy need to be closely managed. Left untreated, these conditions can put both the mother and baby at risk.
- Infections or invasive procedures: Certain infections or medical procedures that occur during pregnancy can elevate risks. These might require you to see a specialist, like a maternal-fetal medicine expert.
What does high-risk pregnancy care involve?
If you’re classified as having a high-risk pregnancy, it doesn’t mean something is definitely wrong, but it does mean that your health care provider will monitor you more closely to catch potential issues early. Prenatal care will likely involve more frequent doctor visits, additional screenings and tests, such as ultrasounds, blood pressure checks and gestational diabetes tests.
- Specialized care: A care team consisting of obstetricians, nurses and sometimes a maternal-fetal medicine specialist will guide you through your pregnancy. They are trained to manage pregnancies with complications and can help prevent or treat problems as they arise.
- Monitoring: Women with high-risk pregnancies may undergo more frequent ultrasounds to monitor fetal growth, check for birth defects and observe the baby’s development. Monitoring might also include more frequent blood tests to assess your health and the baby’s health, particularly for gestational diabetes or high blood pressure.
- Lifestyle modifications: For some women, a high-risk pregnancy may involve certain lifestyle changes. For example, you might need to adjust your diet, increase rest or avoid physical activities that could increase stress on your body. A healthy pregnancy requires that both you and your baby stay as healthy as possible and your provider will guide you in making choices that promote your well-being.
- Specialized birth plan: Depending on your condition, your birth plan may also differ. For example, if you have gestational diabetes, your doctor may want to deliver your baby earlier than the usual 40 weeks. You may also be monitored more carefully during labor to manage complications such as high blood pressure or fetal distress.
What qualifies as a high-risk pregnancy?
Now that we’ve discussed some risk factors, you may be wondering what qualifies as a high-risk pregnancy.
In general, pregnancy is considered high-risk if the mother or baby has an increased chance of health complications. Risk factors such as maternal age, existing medical conditions, carrying multiples and prior complications all contribute to this classification. However, gestational diabetes, high blood pressure and genetic conditions that emerge during pregnancy are common reasons a pregnancy may be considered high-risk.
It’s important to note that while the term “high-risk pregnancy” can sound alarming, most women with high-risk pregnancies go on to deliver healthy babies with proper medical care. Modern prenatal care, coupled with a knowledgeable care team, can significantly reduce the risk of complications.
Symptoms of a high-risk pregnancy
Certain symptoms could indicate that a pregnancy is high-risk, especially if they arise suddenly or are unusual for you. If you notice any of the following signs, it’s essential to contact your doctor right away:
- Severe headaches or vision problems
- Swelling in your hands, face or feet
- Extreme fatigue or dizziness
- Painful urination or blood in your urine
- Unusual weight gain
- Shortness of breath or chest pain
- Decreased fetal movement
Additionally, if you experience any signs of preterm labor, like consistent contractions before 37 weeks, it’s crucial to get in touch with your health care provider immediately.
How do I know if I’m a high-risk pregnancy?
You may wonder, how do I know if I’m a high-risk pregnancy? The best way to determine this is through consultation with your obstetrician. Your doctor will assess your individual health history, medical conditions and pregnancy risk factors to determine whether you fall into the high-risk category. If you do, your health care provider will explain the necessary steps to ensure you receive appropriate care. Tests and screenings will also help identify potential issues early on.
Managing a high-risk pregnancy
What is a high-risk pregnancy is a question that many expectant mothers may ask themselves, especially if certain risk factors apply. Being classified as high-risk means that additional care and monitoring will be required, but it doesn’t necessarily mean there will be problems. With the right prenatal care, a specialized care team and close monitoring, many women with high-risk pregnancies deliver healthy babies.
Always communicate with your health care provider and follow their advice closely to ensure the best outcome for you and your baby. Remember, the goal is to support both your health and the health of your little one, so don’t hesitate to ask questions and voice concerns throughout your pregnancy journey.
Frequently asked questions
How do I know if I’m a high-risk pregnancy?
You will likely be informed by your health care provider if your pregnancy is considered high-risk based on risk factors like maternal age, existing health conditions or complications during pregnancy.
What qualifies as a high-risk pregnancy?
A pregnancy is considered high-risk when the mother or baby faces an increased chance of complications. This may include health conditions like high blood pressure, gestational diabetes or carrying multiples.
What are the symptoms of a high-risk pregnancy?
Signs to watch out for include severe headaches, swelling, extreme fatigue and decreased fetal movement. If any unusual symptoms arise, contact your doctor immediately.
By staying informed about what is a high-risk pregnancy, you can have the support needed to navigate this journey with confidence.
Learn about the gynecology and obstetrics as well as the maternity care services we provide at Bon Secours.
